Deductive Reasoning

Deduction - in logic, form of inference such that the conclusion must be true if the premises are true. For example, if we know that all men have two legs and that John is a man, it is then logical to deduce that John has two legs. Logicians contrast deduction with induction, in which the conclusion might be false even when the premises are true. Deduction has to do with necessity; induction Read More...

9 of the Best Books and Articles on: Deductive Reasoning

as selected by Questia School librarians.

1.

Deductive Reasoning and Strategies
by Walter Schaeken, Gino De Vooght, Andre Vandierendonck, Gery d'Ydewalle. 321 pgs.

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Fifteen essays, originating from the eponymously titled workshop at the Royal Academy of Science, Brussels, March 1998, explore various trends in the psychology of reasoning. Chapters include discussions of syllogistic, spatial, propositional, and statistical reasoning. Also included are chapters on meta-theory and a concluding essay that attempts to draw conclusions from the preceding material.

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Title Page

List of Contributors

Contents

Preface

1: What Could and Could Not Be a Strategy in Reasoning

REFERENCES

2: Individual Differences in Reasoning Strategies: A Problem to Solve or an Opportunity to Seize?

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3: Task, Premise Order, and Strategies in Rips's Conjunction Disjunction and Conditionals Problems

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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4: Preferred Premise Order in Propositional Reasoning: Semantic Informativeness and Co-Reference

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

5: Counterexample Availability

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6: Pragmatics and Strategies for Practical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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7: Mechanisms and Strategies for Rephrasing

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8: Spatial Strategies in Reasoning

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9: Strategies of Constructing Preferred Mental Models in Spatial Relational Inference

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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10 Model Construction and Elaboration in Spatial Linear Syllogisms

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

11 Strategies and Tactics in Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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12: Individual Differences and the Search for Counterexamples in Syllogistic Reasoning.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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13: Strategies and Models in Statistical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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14: Focusing Strategies in Reasoning About Games

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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15: Strategies and Tactics in Deductive Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX
2.

Deductive Reasoning, in Annual Review of Psychology
by P. N. Johnson-Laird. 27 pgs.
3.

Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic: Developmental Perspectives ("A Theory of Deductive Reasoning" begins on p. 2)
by Willis F. Overton. 332 pgs.

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Title Page

The Jean Piaget Symposium Series Available from LEA

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

REFERENCES

1: Competence and Procedures: Constraints on the Development of Logical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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2: The Role and Meaning of Structures in Genetic Epistemology

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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3: Necessity and the Logic of Entailment

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4: The Logic of Meaning and Meaningful Implication

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5: A Genetic Study of Implication

5: A Genetic Study of Implication

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6: Language and the Acquisition of Logical Knowledge

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7: The "Natural Logic" Approach to Reasoning

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8: The Three Faces of If

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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9: The Conversion of Truth Into Necessity

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10: The Development of Metalogical Understanding

CONCLUSIONS

11: Formal Operational Thought

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12: Reasoning, Logic, and Thought Disorder: Deductive Reasoning and Developmental Psychopathology

CONCLUSION: REASONING PATHOLOGY AND THOUGHT DISORDER

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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13: Structuralism, Deconstruction, Reconstruction: The Limits of Reasoning

Author Index

Subject Index
4.

Training Overcomes Reasoning Schema Effects and Promotes Transfer, in The Psychological Record
by Pamela I. Ansburg, Leeann Shields. 12 pgs.
5.

Challenge and Response: Justification in Ethics (Chap. 1 "Deduction")
by Carl Wellman. 300 pgs.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

one WHAT IS JUSTIFICATION?.

1: Deduction

2: Induction

3: Conduction

4: Reasoning

5. Justification

6: Infinite regresses

two HOW CAN ETHICAL STATEMENTS BE JUSTIFIED?

7: Truth

8: Truth-value

9: Meaningfulness

10: Validity

1: Validity-value

12: Competence

13. Knowability

notes / selected bibliography / index

NOTES

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX
6.

The Teaching of Thinking ("Errors in Deductive Reasoning" begins on p. 111)
by Raymond S. Nickerson, David N. Perkins, Edward E. Smith. 383 pgs.

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Preface

I: The Challenge of Teaching Thinking

1: Introduction

2: Aspects Of Intellectual Competence

3: Some Perspectives on Thinking

4: Problem Solving, Creativity, and Metacognition

5: Errors and Biases in Reasoning

II: Approaches to Teaching Thinking

6: Cognitive Operations Approaches

7: Heuristics Oriented Approaches

8: Formal Thinking Approaches

9: Thinking Through Language and Symbol Manipulation

10: Thinking About Thinking

III: Prospects For Teaching Thinking

11: Evaluation

12: Prospects for Teaching Thinking

References

Author Index

Subject Index
7.

Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 1-4, 1998, University of Wisconsin-Madison ("Deductive Reasoning in Right-Brain Damaged" begins on p. 386)
by Morton Ann Gernsbacher. 1286 pgs.

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Table of Contents

Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society August 1-4, 1998; University of Wisconsin-Madison

Preface: the Interdisciplinarity of Cognitive Science

Invited Program

Embodiment as a Basis for Cognition

Embodiment as a Basis for Cognition

Symposium: Cognitive Science Education

Abstract

Kuhn, Cognitive Science, and Conceptual Change

Introduction

Symposium: Modeling Cognitive Processes in Interactive Learning Situations: Face-To-Face Learning and Learning Over a Network

Symposium: Modeling Cognitive Processes in Interactive Learning Situations: Face-To-Face Learning and Learning Over a Network

Symposium on Cognitive Architecture

Introduction

Analyses of Work Across Disciplinary Boundaries

Studies in the Interaction of Psychology and Neuroscience

Symposium: Using Causal Knowledge

Symposium: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Evolutionary Reasoning

Symposium on Educational Dialogue

Interdisciplinarity of Cognitive Science

Frequency Vs. Probability Formats: Framing the Three Doors Problem

Frequency Vs. Probability Formats: Framing the Three Doors Problem

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Visual and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Poor, Good, and Dyslexic Spanish Readers.

Visual and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Poor, Good, and Dyslexic Spanish Readers.

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Heuristics Used in Reasoning with Multiple Causes and Effects

Heuristics Used in Reasoning with Multiple Causes and Effects

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Applying Cognitive Theories & Methods to the Design of Computerised Medical Decision Support

Applying Cognitive Theories & Methods to the Design of Computerised Medical Decision Support

Introduction

References

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

What Makes Children Change Their Minds? Changes in Problem Encoding Lead to Changes in Strategy Selection

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

Pervasive Episodic Memory: Evidence from a Control-Of-Attention Paradigm

Pervasive Episodic Memory: Evidence from a Control-Of-Attention Paradigm

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Assessing the Contribution of Representation to Results

Assessing the Contribution of Representation to Results

References

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Sentence Interpretation in Bulgarian: the Contribution of Animacy

Introduction

Sentence Interpretation in Bulgarian: the Contribution of Animacy

References

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Categorization Changes Object Perception

Introduction

Categorization Changes Object Perception

Abstract

Distinguishing Between Manner of Motion and Inherently Directed Motion Verbs Using a High-Dimensional Memory Space and Semantic Judgments

References

Acknowledgements

Expert Problem Solving in a Visual Medical Domain

Introduction

Expert Problem Solving in a Visual Medical Domain

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

The Cognitive Basis for the Design of a Mammography Interpretation Tutor

The Cognitive Basis for the Design of a Mammography Interpretation Tutor

Acknowledgements

Conclusion

References

Extending Embodied Lexical Development

Introduction

Extending Embodied Lexical Development

Acknowledgments

References

Determinants of Wordlikeness

Determinants of Wordlikeness

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Conclusions

Unconfounding Similarity and Rules in Artificial Grammar Learning

Introduction

Unconfounding Similarity and Rules in Artificial Grammar Learning

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

A Computational Model of Rodent Spatial Learning and Some Behavioral Experiments

A Computational Model of Rodent Spatial Learning and Some Behavioral Experiments

References

Acknowledgements

Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech

Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning

Introduction

Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning

References

Acknowledgment

Conclusion

Can a Computer Really Model Cognition? a Case Study of Six Computational Models of Infant Word Discovery

Abstract

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Students' Sense of Community in Constructivist/Collaborative Learning Environments

Acknowledgments

References

Acquiring Grammars with Complex Heads: a Model Using Have as a Complex Verb

Acquiring Grammars with Complex Heads: a Model Using Have as a Complex Verb

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Conditional Reasoning with a Point of View: the Logic of Perspective Change

Conditional Reasoning with a Point of View: the Logic of Perspective Change

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Modeling Adaptivity in a Dynamic Task

Abstract

Conclusions

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Whither Representation?

Abstract

References

Abstract

Path & Manner Verbs in Action: Effects of "Skipping" or "Exiting" on Event Memory

References

Sharedness as an Innate Basis for Communication in the Infant

Introduction

Sharedness as an Innate Basis for Communication in the Infant

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

References

Introduction

The Serial Reaction Time Task: Learning Without Knowing, or Knowing Without Learning?

The Serial Reaction Time Task: Learning Without Knowing, or Knowing Without Learning?

References

In Defense of Logical Minds

Abstract

References

Introduction

Modelling Action in Verbal Command Context with Fuzzy Subsets and Semantic Networks

Modelling Action in Verbal Command Context with Fuzzy Subsets and Semantic Networks

Introduction

Developing Semantic Representations for Proper Names

Abstract

Acknowledgements

References

Abstract

Modeling the Opponent Facilitates Adversarial Problem Solving

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Conclusions

Building the New onto the Old: Category Constraints on Category Formation

Abstract

Building the New onto the Old: Category Constraints on Category Formation

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Representation of Knowledge in Memory: Evidence from Primed Recognition

Abstract

Representation of Knowledge in Memory: Evidence from Primed Recognition

Conclusion

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Why Chomskyan Linguistics is Antipsychological

References

Introduction

Generalization by Studying Examples Versus Generalization by Applying Examples to Problems

Generalization by Studying Examples Versus Generalization by Applying Examples to Problems

Conclusions

References

Words and Worlds: the Construction of Context for Definite Reference

Introduction

Words and Worlds: the Construction of Context for Definite Reference

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition

A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Abstract

A Framework for Scientific Reasoning with Law Encoding Diagrams: Analysing Protocols to Assess Its Utility

A Framework for Scientific Reasoning with Law Encoding Diagrams: Analysing Protocols to Assess Its Utility

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

Regularities in a Random Mapping from Orthography to Semantics

Regularities in a Random Mapping from Orthography to Semantics

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Conclusion

Linguistic Relativity and Word Acquisition: a Computational Approach

Linguistic Relativity and Word Acquisition: a Computational Approach

Introduction

Conclusions

Visual Dominance and the Control of Action

Introduction

Visual Dominance and the Control of Action

Acknowledgements

References

A Cognitive Study of the Semantic Memory Activated by Pictures and by Words.

A Cognitive Study of the Semantic Memory Activated by Pictures and by Words.

Introduction

References

Geometry, Function, and the Comprehension of Over, Under, Above and Below

Introduction

Geometry, Function, and the Comprehension of Over, Under, Above and Below

Acknowledgments

References

Appendix - Materials Used

Emotions Just Are Cognitions

Abstract

References

Eigenfaces for Familiarity

Eigenfaces for Familiarity

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Analogy as a Sub-Process of Categorisation

Analogy as a Sub-Process of Categorisation

References

Acknowledgements

Learning Via Compact Data Representation

Introduction

Learning Via Compact Data Representation

Conclusions

Acknowledgments